Control, Privacy, & Technology

CPSC 185: Control, Privacy and Technology
Brad Rosen (brad.rosen@yale.edu)

Spring 2022

TA:  Leah
F, 3:30-5:30, WLH 204 (or Zoom as needed)
Course Readings:  Please Skim The Syllabi from 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017,2016,  2015, 2014, 2013, etc.

(1) Crazy Laws & Prosecutorial Discretion 

  1. Inmates of Attica Correctional Facility v Rockerfeller, 477 F2d 375 (2d Cir. 1973):http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/477/375/1514/
  2. Lon Fuller, The Case of The Speluncean Explorers
  3. Miller v. Skumanick,  Order  [Order] (Optional: Skim Complaint [Complaint])
  4. Miller v. Skumanick,  3rd Cir. Appeal Pages: 4-11, Skim 14-21, 22-35.
  5. United States v. Dougherty 473 F.2d 1113 (D.C. Cir. 1974) condensed opinion
  6. United States v. Krzyske, 857 F.2d 1089 (6th Cir. 1988)   and United States v. Krzyske, 836 F.2d 1013 (6th Cir. 1988)  (read sections on jury nullification)
  7. Tang, Xiyin: The Perverse Logic of Teen Sexting Prosecutions (And How To Stop It)

[N.B. The Fuller Article and the Inmates of Attica case serve as a framework for a number of the issues we will discuss in the class].

2) Search, Seizure, and “Reasonable Expectations” 

  1. Katz v. U.S., 389 U.S. 347 (1967):
 http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0389_0347_ZO.html
    Harlan’s Concurrence: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0389_0347_ZC1.html
  2. California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988), including Brennan’s Dissent: 
http://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/486/35/case.html
  3. Kyllo v. U.S., 533 U.S. 27 (2001): http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-8508.ZO.html
  4. Florida v. Riley, 488 U.S. 445 (1989): https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/488/445/case.html
  5. Re-read:  California v. Ciraolo, 476 U.S. 207 (1986):  https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/476/207/ (this is from 183)
  6. Time Magazine, Antonin Scalia, Civil Libertarian: 
http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,130509,00.html
  7. U.S. v. Camacho, 368 F3d 1182 (9th Cir. 2004): http://openjurist.org/368/f3d/1182/united-states-v-camacho
  8. Forbes, Scanner Vans Allow Drive By Snooping, http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2010/0927/technology-x-rays-homeland-security-aclu-drive-by-snooping.html
  9. Andy Greenberg, Full-Body Scan Technology Deployed in Street-Roving Vans,http://blogs.forbes.com/andygreenberg/2010/08/24/full-body-scan-technology-deployed-in-street-roving-vans/
  10. Raw Story, Naked-image full-body scanners to be taken out of U.S. airports, http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/01/18/naked-image-full-body-scanners-to-be-taken-out-of-u-s-airports/
  11. Washington Post, How My Shirt Flummoxed the TSA,  http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/how-my-shirt-flummoxed-the-tsa/2011/09/19/gIQA2PZwqK_story.html
  12. Gonzalez v Schenectady, 2d Cir (Slip. Op. 2013)

3) Search and Seizure, 2.0 

  1. U.S. v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276 (1983) (Read the Case Syllabus Only): http://supreme.justia.com/us/460/276/case.html (Optional Skim Case)

Use of GPS / Phones

  1. U.S. v. Garcia, 474 F3d 994 (7th Cir. 2007): http://openjurist.org/474/f3d/994/united-states-v-garcia
  2. People v. Weaver, 2009 N.Y. Slip Op. 03762: [pdf] (read pp. 1-28 and fn 1 on p. 29 — n.b. page numbers are of the pdf, as each opinion has its own page numbers)
  3. Delaware v. Holden [PDF] (read pp. 1-7, 9-17)
  4. U.S. v. Pineda Moreno, 9th Cir. Opinion: http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1497005.html AND Dissent from Denial of en banc:http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2010/08/12/08-30385.pdf
  5. U.S. v. Jones (2012) (read all opinions): http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1259.pdf
  6. https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/10/third-circuit-agrees-eff-warrant-required-track-car-gps
  7. http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/07/again-federal-court-finds-cops-dont-need-a-warrant-for-cellphone-location-data/
  8. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/11/bipartisanship-supreme-court/547124/
  9. Carpenter v. US (2018),  https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/17pdf/16-402_h315.pdf (read/skim as you deem appropriate/interesting)
  10. Maryland v. Andrews, http://www.mdcourts.gov/opinions/cosa/2016/1496s15.pdf(skim)
  11. Optional: Application for Historical Cell Site Data [PDF] (read pp. 1-4, 15 – 35, skim pp. 5-14 [Conclusions of Fact])
  12. Optional:  Read Case Syllabus Only from U.S. v. Karo, 486 U.S. 705 (1984), http://supreme.justia.com/us/468/705/case.html

Perp walks

  1. A brief history of perp walks: http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2011/05/a_brief_history_of_perp_walks.html
  2. Lauro v. Charles, 219 F.3d 202 (2d Cir. 2000): https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F3/219/219.F3d.202.99-7239.1999.html
  3. Caldarola 343 F.3d 570 (2d Cir. 2003): http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-2nd-circuit/1371024.html
  4. Mugged by a Mug Shot Online

(4) Right Against Self Incrimination 

  1. U.S. v. Cohen, 388 F2d 464 (9th Cir. 1967): http://openjurist.org/388/f2d/464/united-states-v-cohen
  2. U.S. v. Boucher, 2007 WL 4246473 (D. Vt. Nov. 29 2007): read the Magistrate Order first, then the Appeal
  3. Bronston v. U.S., 409 U.S. 352 (1973): http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=409&invol=352
  4. Brogan v. U.S., 522 U.S. 398 (1998): (note that the Souter and Stevens opinions are extremely short)
    1. Scalia’s Opinion: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/96-1579.ZO.html
    2. Souter’s Concurrence: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/96-1579.ZC.html
    3. Ginsburg’s Concurrence: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/96-1579.ZC1.html
    4. Stevens’s Dissent: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/96-1579.ZD.html
  5. FedSoc:   https://fedsoc.org/commentary/fedsoc-blog/scotus-asked-if-5th-amendment-bars-compelling-defendants-to-unlock-electronic-devices  (and no, They Didn’t Resolve It: https://newjerseyglobe.com/fr/new-jersey-supreme-court-wont-take-up-forced-password-disclosure-appeal/)
  6. FROM HERE DOWN: You can skim more than read unless otherwise noted.
  7. Andrew J. Ungberg,  Protecting Privacy Through a Responsible Decryption Policy: SKIM [PDF]  [This is now VERY long in the tooth — I want you to see how much things have changed.]
  8. Techdirt:  Massachusetts Ignores 5th Amendment; Says Defendant Can Be Forced To Decrypt His Computer
  9. Techdirt: Another Court Says Compelled Disclosure Doesn’t Violate 5th
  10. EFF’s Know Your Rights: https://www.eff.org/issues/know-your-rights
  11. Apple’s Fingerprint ID May Mean You Can’t ‘Take the Fifth’  http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/09/the-unexpected-result-of-fingerprint-authentication-that-you-cant-take-the-fifth/
  12. Forcing Suspects to Reveal Phone Passwords Is Unconstitutional – http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/09/forcing-suspects-to-reveal-phone-passwords-is-unconstitutional-court-says/  (also skim the linked court opinion in SEC v. Huang)
  13. Fifth Amendment Limits on Forced Decryption
  14. Compelled Decryption and the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination [READ MORE THAN SKIM]
  15. Minnesota Court on the Fifth Amendment (skim linked TouchID post)
  16. Murphy v. Waterfront Comm’n of N.Y. Harbor, 378 U.S. 52 (1964) (Sub-Optional – We were going to have you read this, but we decided it was way too boring.  Here’s the link in case you’re interested, but we won’t even call it “optional.”): http://openjurist.org/378/us/52/murphy-v-waterfront-commission-of-new-york-harbor

5) Laptops, Documents & TXT MSGS (oh mai!) 

  1. U.S. v. Hubbell, 530 U.S. 27 (2000): http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-166.ZO.html
  2. Thomas’s Concurrence: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/99-166.ZC.html
  3. Arizona v. Hicks, 480 US 321 (1987):  https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/480/321/case.html

Search by government employer (will be more on private employers next week)

  1. Ontario v. Quon, US Supreme Court
  2. Optional/Skim: Quon v. Arch Wireless, 529 F.3d. 892 (9th Cir. 2008)  Ninth Circuit: Opinion; Ikuta’s Dissent; Wardlaw’s Concurrence

Searches at the border

  1. U.S. v. Arnold, 523 F.3d 941 (9th Cir. 2008): district court opinion; Ninth Circuit opinion
  2. US v. Jae Shik Kim:  district court opinion
  3. United States v. Cotterman: Ninth circuit en banc
  4. Techdirt, Think Tank Says DHS Should Stop Border Laptop Searches (also skim full report here)
  5. Kashmir Hill, The Price to Cross the Border
  6. https://www.aclu.org/news/aclu-eff-sue-over-warrantless-phone-and-laptop-searches-us-border
  7. http://www.zdnet.com/article/warrantless-phone-laptop-searches-at-the-us-border-hit-record-levels/
  8. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-customs-agents-are-searching-more-cellphones–including-those-belonging-to-americans/2018/01/05/0a236202-f247-11e7-b3bf-ab90a706e175_story.html
  9. Alasaad (1st Cir) (skim) [summary here] [dct opinion here Alasaad}
  10. BUT SEE: US v. Cano.  (And check the En Banc Dissental)

Cell phone searches

  1. Ars, Police Seizure of Text Messages Violated 4th Amendment
  2. People v. Diaz, California Supreme Court
  3. State v. Smith, Ohio Supreme Court
  4. United States v. Garvey, US Virgin Islands
  5. United States v. Flores-Lopez, 7th Cir
  6. Riley v. California Sup Ct.
  7. Where Police Can & Can’t Snoop Through Your Phone

6) Emails, Passwords and Consent

Follow up from last week: Skim Alasaad

  1. UNITED STATES v. GALPIN
  2. Kashmir Hill, The Geek Squad Becomes the Porn Squad
  3. Thompson v. Ross, W.D. Pa.
  4. U.S. v. Warshak, (6th Cir. 2010), Slip Opinon, (skim 4-13, read p14-29, p. 94-98)
  5. Romano v. Steelcase [PDF]
  6. Jennings v. Holly , SC Supreme Court
  7. Forman v. Henkin, NYCA
  8. ABC News, Man Faces Five Years in Prison for Snooping Through Wife’s Emails (Update: CBS Detroit, Final Charges Dropped in Husband-Wife Hacking Case)
  9. Kashmir Hill, Aussie Teen Proves a Lover’s Revenge Is Best Served Digitally
  10. People v. Barber:  http://www.courts.state.ny.us/reporter/3dseries/2014/2014_50193.htm)
  11. Reddit Bans Nude Photos Posted Without Consent

Email in the workplace

  1. Stengart v. Loving Care, 990 A.2d 650 (2010), http://caselaw.findlaw.com/nj-supreme-court/1522648.html
  2. A Company Computer and Questions About E-Mail Privacy (N.Y. Times, June 27, 2008): http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/27/technology/27mail.html?_r=2&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&ref=business&adxnnlx=1214862365-v6tJmItYLdKLKVEcpU7/bQ
  3. Rebels in Black Robes Recoil at Surveillance of Computers (N.Y. Times, Aug. 8, 2001):http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/08/national/08COUR.html?
  4. Smyth v. Pillsbury Co., 914 F. Supp. 97 (E.D. Pa. 1996): http://www.loundy.com/CASES/Smyth_v_Pillsbury.html (Skim)
  5. United States v. Hamilton (4th Circuit 2012)
  6. California Judge Confirms Police Officers’ Rights Were Violated By Hidden Locker Room Camera (ACLU.org, Apr. 4, 2006): http://www.aclu.org/technology-and-liberty/california-judge-confirms-police-officers-rights-were-violated-hidden-locker-
  7. Venkat Balasubramani, Ex-Employees Awarded $4,000 for Email Snooping by Employer

7) Recordings 

Recording police officers

  1. ACLU v. Alvarez
  2. Sharp v. Baltimore
  3. Justice Dept. defends public’s constitutional ‘right to record’ cops 
  4. DOJ letter
  5. Cops Roll Out Citizen Video Order
  6. Yes, You Have A Right to Record The Police
  7. The Danger In Recording A Cop
  8. What To Say When The Police Tell You To Stop Filming Them
  9. Police Must Respect Citizen’s Right To Record Them
  10. Federal Judge: Recording Cops Isn’t Necessarily Protected By 1st Amendment
  11. Fields v. Philadelphia (read it now before it gets overturned)
  12. Fields v. Philadelphia (3rd Circuit… overturned 😀  )
  13. A Major Victory For the Right to Record Police
  14. Verkada  (Watch this video)
  15. Martin & Pérez v. Gross (skim)

Secretly recording sex

  1. NY v. Piznarski  (Read up to page 12, skim the rest)
  2. Charges target sex taping in dorm
  3. Desfeux granted special probation 

Other recording

  1. Caro v. Weintraub 
  2. Dillon v. Seattle Deposition Reporters 
  3. ABC wins appeal over hidden camera investigation of medical lab (Optional: opinion)
  4. What you need to know when recording your enemies
  5. This Call May Be Recorded For Quality Assurance Purposes (spend 10 minutes researching “Kearney v. Salomon Smith Barney — review whatever resources you deem readable and send me the links along with your reading response).

8)  If you’re not paying for it…(and then what do they do with it?)

  1. (skim) WSJ Privacy Coverage: One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven, Eight
  2. Terms and Conditions: A movie about privacy policies you’ll actually want to watch [watch some time at your discretion]
  3. Apple and Google’s Fight Isn’t Actually About Privacy or Tracking
  4. Impact of Apple’s iOS Changes on Meta

A. Social Media and employment (NOTE HOW OLD THESE READINGS ARE)

  1. Keeping a Closer Eye on Employees’ Social Networking (NYTimes.com, Mar. 26, 2010):http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/keeping-a-closer-eye-on-workers-social-networking/?scp=1&sq=facebook%20employers&st=cse.
  2. The Atlantic, Should Employers Be Allowed to Ask For Your Facebook Password?
  3. State Laws On This
  4. GigaOm, What happens when social surveillance goes mainstream?  http://gigaom.com/2012/04/02/what-happens-when-social-surveillance-goes-mainstream/

B. Social media, police, passwords, and courts

  1. Reuters, In US Courts, Facebook Posts Become Less Private
  2. Ehling-v.-Monmouth-Ocean-Hospital-SCA [repeat from 183]
  3. Forbes, Judge Orders Divorcing Couple to Swap Facebook Passwords
  4. When Tweets Can Make You a Jailbird
  5. Criminal Selfies: One,  Two, Three
  6. The Federal Crime Nobody Talks About In Making A Murderer

C. Data Privacy and Marketing (Focus more on the later ones)

  1. Facebook is Marketing Your Brand Preferences (With Your Permission) (N.Y. Times, Nov. 7, 2007):http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/07/technology/07adco.html
  2. Facebook to Shut Down Ad Program
  3. Facebook Test-Drives Real Time Ad Targeting, http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2382544,00.asp
  4. Kash Hill, How Target Figured Out a Teen Girl Was Pregnant Before Her Father Did, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2012/02/16/how-target-figured-out-a-teen-girl-was-pregnant-before-her-father-did/
  5. Kash Hill, When An App Tells Companies You’re Pregnant But Not That You’ve Miscarried, http://fusion.net/story/345471/what-to-expect-app-privacy-problems/
  6. The Internet Still Thinks I’m Pregnant
  7. Pregnancy Apps Don’t Know How To Handle Miscarriageshttps://mashable.com/article/miscarriage-stillbirth-pregnancy-apps/
  8. Open Letter re: Same
  9. Kash Hill, Facebook and your friends.  One.  Two.
  10. Vibrator Spies On You.
  11. Amazon Wants to Ship Your Package Before You Buy It
  12. Time, Private Eyes – Retailers watching our every move, http://business.time.com/2012/09/18/private-eyes-are-retailers-watching-our-every-move/
  13. Facebook and Google Surveillance is an ‘assault on privacy’
  14. No Escape From Facebook
  15. You are the target of a secret extraction operation
  16. The battle for digital privacy

9) Data Aggregation, Brokers, and Breaches

A. Aggregation Effect

  1. How Privacy Vanishes Online (N.Y. Times, Mar. 17, 2010):http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/17/technology/17privacy.html
  2. Cookies, Web Bugs, and In re Doubleclick Inc. Privacy Litigation, 154 F. Supp. 2d 497 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) (from Information Privacy Law 808-10 (Daniel J. Solove & Paul M. Schwartz eds., 2009)) (read the entire attached PDF)
  3. Apple Sets May 1 Deadline to Cut off UDID
  4. Fingerprinting and Beyond
  5. Law Students Teach Scalia About Privacy and the Web (N.Y. Times, May 18, 2009): http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/18/technology/internet/18link.html
  6. A Face Is Exposed for AOL Searcher No. 4417749 (N.Y. Times, Aug. 9, 2006):http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/09/technology/09aol.html?pagewanted=1
  7. AOL search data release reveals a great deal (USAToday.com, Aug. 17, 2006):http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/andrewkantor/2006-08-17-aol-data_x.htm
  8. Google Thinks I’m a Middle-Aged Man. What About You? (Mashable.com, Jan. 25, 2012): http://mashable.com/2012/01/25/google-cookies/
  9. Facebook Graph – Privacy Control You Still Don’t Have https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/01/facebook-graph-search-privacy-control-you-still-dont-have
  10. Facebook Users Want More Privacy, Nudged Towards Less, Study Finds (Also finds Water, Wet. Pope, Catholic)
  11. Study Calls Out Dark Patterns
  12. Explore: http://actualfacebookgraphsearches.tumblr.com/
  13. Teens, Social Media, and Privacy http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/05/21/teens-social-media-and-privacy/
  14. “Critics of Privacy.” Solove and Schwartz, Information Privacy Law (4th), pp. 62-69. (excerpt)

B. Data Brokers

  1. The Data Brokers: Selling your personal information
  2. Joshua L. Simmons, Buying You – The Government’s Use of Fourth-Parties to Launder Data About “The People”: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1475524
  3. Escaping the Scrapers, WSJ, http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2010/10/11/escaping-the-scrapers/
  4. Lawsuits Challenge US Online Data Brokers (Reuters Legal, Feb. 24, 2011):http://www.reu dters.com/assets/print?aid=USN2427826420110224
  5. Spokeo and Privacy Harms
  6. Data Broker Defendants Settle…. (Skim Complaint)
  7. Spokeo Settlement Analysis
  8. The End of the Data Broker Model
  9. Data Brokers Are A Threat To Democracy
  10. FLoC Block
  11. Topics Api (Stop trying to make FLoC Happen)

C. Data Breaches

  1. Private Information Stolen from Nationwide Consumer Database (ConsumerAffairs.com, Feb. 16, 2005): Achived
  2. ChoicePoint Details Data Breach Lessons
  3. ChoicePoint-FBI Deal Raises New Privacy Questions
  4. The Target Data Breach is Becoming a Nightmare
  5. Calif. attorney general: Time to crack down on companies that don’t encrypt
  6. Post Spokeo Standing
  7. Standing Issues In Data Breach Litigation

(10) Theories of Privacy Rights: Penumbras and Unintended Consequences :

  1. Samuel D. Warren & Louis D. Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 Harv. L. Rev. 5 (1890). (attached as PDF)
  2. Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965): Douglas’s opinion for the Court:http://www4.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0381_0479_ZO.html; Black’s dissent (first three paragraphs only): http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/381/479#writing-USSC_CR_0381_0479_ZD
  3. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) (Blackmun’s opinion – only preamble (the paragraphs preceding section I) and section VIII):http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0113_ZO.html
  4. Randall P. Bezanson, The Right to Privacy Revisited: Privacy, News, and Social Change 1890-1990, 80 Cal. L. Rev. 5 (1992) [only pages 1137-1150] (attached as PDF)
  5. Robert C. Post, The Social Foundations of Privacy: Community and Self in the Common Law Tort, 77 Cal. L. Rev. 5 (1989) [only pages 969-978] (attached as PDF)
  6. Catsouras v. Dept. of Cal. Hwy. Patrol, 181 Cal. App. 4th 856 (2010) [only pages 10-18] (attached as PDF)
  7. ABCNews, Families Struggle to Delete Loved One’s Online Presence After Death, http://abcnews.go.com/US/families-struggle-delete-loved-online-presence-death/story?id=15108300#.T4yn4qtQ4iE
  8. Justia, Facebook’s “If I Die” App Should Remind Us That We Each Need a Digital Death Plan, http://verdict.justia.com/2012/01/17/facebooks-if-i-die-app-should-remind-us-that-we-each-need-a-digital-death-plan
  9. Facebook Now Lets You Choose Who Controls Your Account After You Die, http://www.theverge.com/2015/2/12/8025117/facebook-account-after-death
  10. ….but people aren’t using it:  http://www.forbes.com/sites/ellenhuet/2015/04/21/digital-asset-legacy-poll/
  11. Lifehacker, What Should I Do About My Virtual Life After Death, http://lifehacker.com/5617683/what-should-i-do-about-my-virtual-life-after-death
  12. Google Inactive Account Manager, http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/11/googles-afterlife/
  13. What Inactive Account Manager means for your will, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/9997105/Google-RIP-What-Inactive-Account-Manager-means-for-your-will.html
  14. National archives v. Favish, 541 U.S. 157 (2004) (Opinion by Kennedy):http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/02-954.ZO.html
  15. Marsh v. San Diego http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2012/05/30/11-55395.pdf
  16. Chanko v. American Broadcasting Corp
  17. Rodriguez v Fox
  18. Kiel Brennan Marquez, “A modest defense of mind-reading” http://yjolt.org/modest-defense-mind-reading
  19. Refresh Lon Fuller, The Case of The Speluncean Explorers: TheCaseOfTheSpelunceanExplorers

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